Delta Airlines Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Delta Airlines - Research Paper Example For the most part a fluctuating swapping scale exists among dollar and euro which infers that one euro isn't generally equivalents to one dollar. Thus Delta Air Lines so as to back its everyday activities needs to trade the euro for the dollars. The carrier can be at a disadvantageous or in a beneficial position contingent on the current market circumstance. This prompts twisting in the income of the carriers as the cash trade influences the income of the organization. In the event that euro is high when contrasted with dollars, at that point while Delta Airline is changing over its acquiring, which is from euro to dollar then the organization will have the option to profit by this circumstance. Like for example on the off chance that 1 Euro = $ 1.20, at that point for each euro the organization will get more dollar than what it had got if the circumstance is simply converse. Thusly, cost caused in money related terms by the organization is of less or more incentive than company†™s salary perceived in financial terms relying upon the economic situation. The aircraft organization takes part in cash supporting so as to moderate money chance. Cash supporting connotes ensuring against the changes in the trade rates by securing a specific conversion scale or a progression of trade rates (Vasigh, Fleming and Mackay, 2010; Papaioannou, 2006)). Delta Air Line takes part effectively in the Fuel supporting system so as to deal with the fuel value chance. This program helps in decreasing money related effect that happens because of progress in the cost of stream fuel. Diverse product and agreement types are utilized in this fuel supporting project. The monetary proficiency of the support portfolio is assessed all the time with the budgetary focuses of the organization. As per the predominant economic situation the fence portfolios are rebalanced,... This paper focuses on that there are various offices that are given by the air terminal where the aircraft works. The air terminal searches for expanding their all out pay from business sources that makes both concession charges and leases. The rental salary emerges principally by leasing and renting the space either legitimately or by implication to the air terminal clients like the dealing with specialists, cargo forwarders and carriers. Then again, concession expenses are installment made by the specialist co-ops to the air terminal position. Delta Air Lines that is working in different nations likewise pays lease to the air terminal expert for utilizing their space. The lease that the aircraft pays relies on the region involved by the organization and the quantity of offices working in the air terminal. This article makes an end that the global activities of the organization are exposed to rivalry from both remote and household bearers. In such a situation, the aircraft so as to work beneficially has gone into collusion with outside bearers in which they have executed code sharing and showcasing understanding that thus will build the capacity to sell global transportation and go past the conventional door urban areas like Asia and Europe. Simultaneously different carriers that have gone into union has additionally profited by the union by going into US advertise. Aside from this, the organization is likewise vigorously subordinate upon innovation for their everyday tasks.

Assignment Product Life Cycle Essay

Every item will have an actual existence cycle. Utilizing models, show each phase in the Product Life Cycle laying out the potential difficulties and systems which might be utilized to support the deals and benefit of the item. What is a Product? An item is whatever can be offered to a business opportunity for consideration, procurement, use, or utilization and that may fulfill the client needs or needs. An item is something other than a substantial products, it is a help (hair styles, home fixes and so on) or thought. In any case, in promoting item isn't simply taken a gander at as something that is substantial, however it take into account speaking with the focused on crowd on issues, for example, bundling, marking, featuring the item unmistakable advantages, the rubbing of the customer’s sense of self regarding why they ought to have a specific item. Item can be seen at three levels, for example, Core Product †it tends to what the purchaser is truly purchasing, the Actual Product †which highlights trademark, for example, quality, brand, structure and so on., and the Augmented Product †it is the extra buyer administrations and advantages that are worked around the center and genuine item, which incorporates things as the after deal administration, establishment, guarantee and so forth. A Product can likewise be separated in two principle grouping dependent on the sorts of shopper that pre-owned them. These arrangements are Consumer Products †which are purchased by conclusive shoppers for individual, and Industrial items †which are those bought for additional handling or for use in the creation of different merchandise and enterprises. For instance, flour that is utilized as a fixing really taking shape of baked good like bun, bread and so forth. The Product Life Cycle The Product Life Cycle (PLC) is a valuable device utilized by advertisers to know and deciding at what stage an item is a major part of its life. Most Product Life-Cycle bends are depicted as chime molded (See figure underneath). The item life cycle has four (4) plainly characterized stages, each with its own attributes that mean various things for business that are attempting to deal with the existence pattern of their specific items. 1. Introduction Stage †This phase of the cycle could be the most costly for an organization propelling another item. It is a time of moderate deals development as the item is presented in the market. Benefits are non-existent in light of the substantial costs of item presentation, in spite of the fact that it will be expanding as the item proceeds onward to the development stage. 2. Development Stage †The development stage is commonly portrayed by a time of fast market acknowledgment and generous benefit improvement. solid development in deals and benefits, and on the grounds that the organization can begin to profit by economies of scale underway, the net revenues, just as the general measure of benefit, will increment. This makes it feasible for the organization to put more cash in the special movement to amplify the capability of this development stage. 3. Development Stage †A log jam in deals development in light of the fact that the item has accomplished acknowledgment by most potential purchasers. Benefits balance out or decrease on account of expanded rivalry. During this stage the point of the maker is presently to keep up the piece of the overall industry they have developed; by think about any item changes or enhancements to the creation procedure which may give them an upper hand. During the development stage, the item is set up and the focus on the producer is presently to keep up the piece of the overall industry they have developed. This is likely the most serious time for most items and organizations need to put carefully in any advertising they attempt. They likewise need to think about any item adjustments or upgrades to the creation procedure which may give them an upper hand. 4. Decay Stage †Sales show a descending float and benefits disintegrate. While this decay might be unavoidable, the descending float and benefit disintegration perhaps because of the market getting immersed (for example all the clients who will purchase the item have just bought it) or in light of the fact that the customers are changing to an alternate kind of item. The possibility of the item life cycle has been around for quite a while, and it is a significant guideline producers need to comprehend so as to make aâ profit and remain in business. Be that as it may, the way to effective assembling isn't simply to comprehend the item life cycle, yet to proactively overseeing items all through their lifetime, applying the proper assets and deals and promoting procedures, contingent upon what stage items are at in the cycle. Let us presently take a gander at the potential difficulties and techniques for every phase of the item life-cycle. Showcasing Strategies: Introduction Stage The first of the four item life cycle stages is the Introduction Stage, which another item is first conveyed and made accessible for procurement. Any business that is propelling another item should choose when to enter the market and needs to welcome that this underlying stage could require huge venture, expanding attention to the item through compelling showcasing and advancing, and furthermore low evaluating systems perhaps utilized to draw in clients and give the new item the most obvious opportunity with regards to making product’s progress. For instance, a wireless producer with new innovation may present a mobile phone with essential highlights at scaled down costs in order to gain heaps of new clients. Difficulties of the Introduction Stage Little or no market: When another item is propelled, there is ordinarily no market for it, or if a market exists it is probably going to be exceptionally little. Normally this implies deals will be low to begin with. There will be events where an incredible new item or phenomenal advertising effort will make such a buzz, that business take off straight away, however these are commonly exceptional cases, and it regularly requires some investment and exertion before most items accomplish this sort of energy. Significant expenses: Very scarcely any items are made without some innovative work, and once they are made, numerous makers should put resources into advertising and advancement so as to accomplish the sort of interest that will make their new item a triumph. Both of these can cost a ton of cash, and on account of certain business sectors these expenses could run into a huge number of dollars. Misfortunes, Not Profits: With all the expenses of getting another item to showcase, most organizations will see negative benefits for part of the Initial Stage of the item life cycle, in spite of the fact that the sum and term of these negative benefits differs fromâ one market to another. A few producers could begin demonstrating a benefit rapidly, while for organizations in different parts it could take years.

Letter to My Old School Friend Essay

It been has been quite a while since we last observed one another, so I set aside this effort to keep in touch with you. Recall the time in grade school when we had the field trip before summer get-away. It was the point at which we visited the mall for the absolute first time in Manhattan. This was one of the paramount days of my life. Everything began in science class when we choose to design a pleasant astonishment for our educator for her up and coming birthday, so our eager guideline showed up and said† great morning class, I have an incredible treat for you† and nasha shouted with so much interest â€Å"were are o the we going† and he said â€Å"to the new shopping plaza† so he gave out letter with an assent structure connected with it, so after I returned home and prepare for the excursion tomorrow , when preparing my assent structure vanished so I search saying in my psyche I am not missing that things being what they are, I was so stressed and calle d my companion nasha and she said â€Å" don’t stress this issue is imperceptible† and answered to her in a despairing voice† why you saying that? In the event that I don’t have the structure I can't go on the outing, is there a next alternative† she said† yes† so I said to her what† she said â€Å"have your folks to compose a letter for me† so I disclosed to her that is a smart thought. So following day I pack my things kissed my mother and surged on the school transport ,when I got to my the cohort were completely arranged to enter the transport. At the point when we jumped on the transport I sit close to the window. At the point when we arrived I saw the most structure wonderful and innovative spot.

Largest Immigration Episodes In United States Of America - 1650 Words

Largest Immigration Episodes In United States Of America (Essay Sample) Content: Students full nameProfessors nameCourseDateThe 1924 U.S Immigration ActThe last and the first two decades of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries respectively saw some of the largest immigration episodes in the United States of America. People were moving from the south, east and central Europe to the U.S for many reasons. Moreover, the Asians also moved to the U.S. The situation necessitated institution of legislations to regulate these movements. The Congress had to enact the immigration laws of 1917 as well as that of 1921. However, the immigrants realized loopholes in these regulations and utilized them to their benefits and entered the country. Many arrived as refugees fleeing from war. The Americans noticed this trend and rose complains compelling the Senate to institute further regulations. Consequently, the Immigration Act of 1924: Johnson- Reed Act was introduced. This law changed the trend of immigration. To understand this effect, analysis and criticism of this law are neededAfter the restrictions of the Japanese and Chinese immigrants into U.S, the 1917 Immigration Act was introduced to regulate the entry of the other Asian people, especially Indians. This law targeted to prevent entry of people with undesirable characteristics such as alcoholism and illiteracy. Consequently, it introduced the literacy test as a requirement for admission. This test was a real barrier to the ordinary immigrants as portrayed in the picture: The Americanese wall. Also, the tax fee from immigrants increased to eight dollars per person. As such, immigrants aged 16 years and more had to be literate. The law was ineffective since it allowed a man to enter the U.S with his family despite their literacy status as long as he passes the test. Similarly, the recruitment of employees for white farms from Mexico did not apply the law (Norton et al. 629). As a result, immigrants barred from entering the U.S were very few. Thus the law had insignificant outcomes necessitating further legislations (Chin, Romero, and Scaperlanda, 243).In 1921, the immigration laws were strengthened after realizing the ineffectiveness of the legislation of 1917. The law limited the number of immigrants from a particular nation to only three percent of their total population in the U.S according to the data from the 1910 U.S census (Ngai, 21). Consequently, the maximum number of people allowed in the country was limited to 357,000. This law aimed at minimizing the risk of entry of radicalized populations from Russia as well as Eastern Europe (Ngai, 22).In 1924, Senator David Reed and Congressman Albert Johnson desired to institute permanent restrictions on the immigration status of undesired parts of the world: radicalized parts. The workers in the U.S were forming unions and fighting for labor rights by this time. The cheap labor from other regions of the world would affect their employment status. Consequently, they proposed the Immigration Act of 1924 which was later enacted into law the same year. This law defined the limitations under the quotas and decreased the immigration quotas to a two percent of their resident population accumulating to about 164,000 people yearly. The percentages were limited to the U.S census of 1890 as opposed to that of 1910 which had very many immigrants. Moreover, each immigrant was required to have a visa to enter the borders as well as within the nation.The quota system implemented in 1924 was intended to permanently limit the number of persons entering the U.S (Kove and Götzke, 132). The system was initially calculated using the numbers of the alien population of residents in the U.S. However; this new legislation applied the 1890 U.S census to account for all the people represented in the U.S. Consequently, the ratios included the naturalized citizens by birth. As such, large numbers of British settlers were in the U.S residing as natural citizens. This provision increased the total number of the British population in the data and resulted in higher quotas for them (Hayes, 187). Therefore, the western European settlers had a higher hand to obtain a visa for the U.S compared to their southern, central and eastern Europeans. Thus, hindering the south, east, and central Europe from admitting many immigrants into the U.S.The Jews and Germans were facing a challenging time in the period around the First World War. They had moved to the U.S in large numbers. About two million Jews had entered the U.S in the three decades before 1924. However, the 1924 Immigration Act reduced these values to only about ten thousand people from the SCE. This low number of Jewish immigrants to the U.S later resulted in catastrophic results during the Second World War More than six million Jews were massacred by the Nazi Germans since they lacked an escape opportunity. They could not acquire visas for the U.S when they needed them most.On the other hand, the use of the 1890 U.S Census data was a hidd en motive for the Americans to maintain nativism. The census had the provision of isolating the whites from the Anglo-Saxon: a provision lacking in the 1920 census. As such, using the data from the earlier census in quota provisions was a bias to other races. However, it favored the westerners and northerners of Europe. Larger populations of these groups had entered U.S before 1890. Moreover, they were considered desirable for the white race since they shared descent with Americans while the others were alienated.This 1924 Immigration Act included definitions that undermined other treaties and agreements. Previously, immigrants from Asia: especially Japan had excluded their settlement in the U.S after they had the Gentlemens Agreement. As such, no Japanese settled in the U.S. Therefore; the quota calculations would permanently prevent Japanese immigrants from entering the U.S. despite their free entry agreement (Song and Wu, 57). Such nations developed a different perception towards the U.S since they had preferred to regulate their races despite the violations of other laws. Tensions between these countries increased even with protests from the Japanese. However, these efforts resulted in no gain (Wepman, 261).Americans had desired to have a homogeneous society with most people of their descent. Many believed that allowing individuals with a similar culture to theirs would enable them to integrate smoothly. They had negative attitudes and perceptions of the other settlers. Therefore, they instituted a law to meet their desires without exposing their intentions.The implementation of the visa system to identify and regulate the entry of immigrants was introduced in this law. The average cost of acquiring the visa was about fifty dollars. This cost was an infringement to the poor immigrants. The rich were able to afford entry as opposed to their poor counterparts.Although the Americans were all immigrants from a British origin, after the First World War, they de veloped a desire for nationalism as well as racial idealism. They wanted to maintain their racial identity and Americanism. They were seeking to define an American. Consequently, they perceived the need to regulate immigration to their advantage. Many viewed immigrants as a threat to their heritage and culture despite having none. The nation was purely built on diverse cultures that strengthened their continuous progress and beauty. These ensured the high standards in the foundation of the U.S (National Humanities Centre, 1).Many people desired the prosperity of Americans and always wanted to join the country for the benefits. These responses were consistent with the ideas of the founders of America. However, the Native Americans were not prepared to give up their nation to foreigners. Many feared the prosperity of other nations and opted to regulate them. They suggested that their founders had no anticipation of the industrial revolution that transformed the economy. Others sugges ted that each immigrant was a burden to support and would consequently threaten the economy of America. Conversely, they had imported labor to support their agricultural endeavors previously. In addition, they failed to realize the transformation occurring in the foreigners from their great love for the nation as well.In a state address of 1922, the president: Warren Harding expressed the need for registration of Americans and the facilitation of the immigration legislations. He emphasized on the need to ensure the minimizing immigration violations and Americanization of the aliens. As such, the president desired to prevent rejection of immigrants on their borders once they arrived. He preferred to prevent such people before they leave their countries. He emphasized the co...

Expanding Global Awareness Regulate Prostitution - 1770 Words

Expanding Global Awareness to Regulate Prostitution The subject of prostitution is a societal reality affecting everyone’s lives, whether people are aware of it or not. Its effects influence societies on many levels whether it’s the health market, social or moral amongst others. For many nations the sex trade market is oppressed and can be very dangerous because of its current legal status, to some extent forcing its operations into hands of organized crime. Crimes associated with prostitution like human trafficking and sexual abuse of minors continues to prevail because of this situation. The focus on preventative measures of those crimes are lacking because of the resources used to incriminate prostitutes and their clientele. The†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sex work involves the exchange of sexual services for material compensation as well as the selling of erotic performances and products† (R. Weitzer 3). A very visual form of prostitution that is mostly located in Holland are Window Brothels. Window B rothels are setup in designated areas exposing about a dozen rooms on street level with a red light, illuminating the window with, â€Å"a (sexually inviting) dressed prostitute presenting themselves and the services they offer on clear display† (Huisman, Hans 609). A more secretive form takes place in private clubs, usually done in back rooms. Escort services which are growing in popularity as a result of the internet and cell phones, is where people can call to have a prostitute come to a certain location to provide sexual services (Huisman, Hans 611). Sole proprietors typically receive clients at their home, which in most cases are operated with two to three individuals per residence (R. Weitzer 121). Street prostitution is where prostitutes present themselves on the street to conduct services wherever the client would like to take them. Generally street prostitution is the most dangerous of all forms with a greater potential for harm, infection and abduction (R. Weitzer 1 50). Current working conditions regarding sex work in unregulated countries vary depending whether that country is developing or developed (R. Weitzer 23). Another dependant is of what social class and condition the worker is currently at. Regarding

Summary/Critical Response Example

Essays on Summary/Critical Response Article Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 13 November Working at MacDonald’s I agree with the argument presented by the article ‘Working at MacDonald’s’. There are many reasons for my being in agreement with the article. MacDonald’s is a hugely success fast food chain. One of the reasons of its success is that it has successfully utilized economies of scale. But in the process of making everything efficient, the human element has been reduced to a great extent. Most of the activities in MacDonald’s are very mechanical. The article is right when it says that teenagers working there don’t develop any entrepreneurial skills. After a few days the job there becomes no better than any factory job which pays one for one’s presence, hard work and compliance with the factory rules and regulations. When a person applies there for the job, an interview is conducted. A few basic questions are asked and if the person is available for work then they hire him/her. After that they conduct an orientation which isn’t too informative. Just a CD is shown about the company’s history and a few practices at MacDonald’s. After signing up of the contracts the person becomes ready to do the shifts. Although MacDonald’s claim to have training schedule for new comers, nothing can be farther from truth. Most of the freshers learn from the ‘friends’ they make on the first few shifts. There is no proper training, no guidance and sometimes health and safety standards are also compromised. New employees are asked to complete an online course about food hygiene and health and safety. After it is completed a Food Hygiene certificate and Health and Safety certificate is given which has no value both inside and outside the company. As one starts to work there one gets the feeling that all they want is a worker who can work for long hours and does not take sick leaves. In other words one’s presence is much more important than quality of work. This is the reason why even the most unwilling and lazy workers keep on working there for years. This may be a very generalizing statement but it is certified by previous employees of MacDonald’s. It is a pathetic scene to see teenagers spend their precious time in doing such routine tasks. The problem is not the simplicity of the tasks; the problem is that working at MacDonald’s doesn’t add anything to one’s skills. Customer contact is very brief, food preparing process mechanical and work appraisal is non-existent. In such an environment the only thing a worker thinks while working on the shift is the end of the shift. At the end of the shift, there is a feeling of exhilaration. The clothes are soaked in the smell of oil. The body feels itchy. And there is no energy left to do anything at home other than sleep. The only consolation is the pay that comes which is based on the number of hours one has worked. With money in the pocket and possibly a few work friends, the employee feels motivated to go again and get lost in meaningless work. And yes there is one more benefit of the job, the free meals that one can eat in the breaks (breaks are not paid for hence the free meal). But somewhere deep inside the soul knows that nothing much was achieved all this week and the food that was made for people is called nothing but ‘junk’ food.

Case Study About Strategic Management of Namaste Solar- Free Sample

Questions: Explain the Case study background, the statement of the problem, research questions and aims and objectives .Description of the situation ( Case Brief).Students to state the problems and explain the models/ theories /planning tools to be used to analyse the case.Findings from the analysis (using the tools).Solutions to the problem and issues. Recommendations and students to come out with a business plan. Answer: Introduction to the case study Statement of the Problem Namaste Solar is Colorado-based solar energy system. It mainly designs and installs solar system from the year 2004 (Amason 2011). This particular company faces problems regarding transition state as well as employee ownership in an overall manner. It requires initial attention by the workers of Namaste Solar. Namaste Solar believes in prioritizing right things as well as contributes towards social justice for positive social change. Namaste Solar falls under the dedicated community of individuals who understand work and remain passionate for the business activities (Andrews et al. 2012). They mainly believe in aligning with values as well as appreciate working for respectful position. It ensures positive as well as rewarding environment in the most appropriate way. Research Aims and Objectives The main aim of the study is to understand the working pattern and environment of Namaste Solar. It should aim at propagating for responsible usage of renewable solar energy in the business practices in an overall manner (Barney and Hesterly 2012). It aims at creation of holistic wealth approach for business as well as community for the same. It aims at using holistic approach for interdependence and other related activities in an effective way. Holistic Wealth mostly benefits stakeholders on equitable basis. It mainly serves customers, investors, communities as well as environment. It mainly recognizes the interdependence level of stakeholders (Cattani 2011). Namaste Solar aims at ensuring high-level of loyalty and long-term commitment for the entire Namaste Solar family. This company struggles for striving for strong as well as harmonious teams for promotion of individual autonomy as well as responsibility for the same (Colovic 2012). The main objectives of Namaste Solar include: To Promote individual autonomy and responsibility To share aligned values promote level of leadership in business communities To provide strong relationship with customers, community as well as suppliers for the same To value distributed leadership and unique gifts as well as individual perspectives in an overall To contribute co-ownership mentality from the business owners as well as ensuring towards creation of success in the near future To practice as well as encourage FOH communication To encourage fun activities To take accountability responsibility seriously and helping others in need To ensure safety to employees as well as stakeholders To measure profits as well as success holistically To foster learning as well as innovation for taking risks To seek holistic balance for interest to customers, investors, company as well as community To provide level of customer service, personal attention as well as quality in the current world scenario Structure of report The structure of the report ensures depth understanding of Namaste Solar. Statement of the problems is discussed with aims as well as objectives for the same (Coulter 2013). Various models are discussed in the report like SWOT Analysis, PESTEL, and Value Chain analysis in an overall manner. There are three paths mentioned in the study and selection of viable options for the business organization in the most appropriate way. This particular report explains important attributes for understanding the wide applications of Namaste Solar. This particular case study involves structures that give brief background of Namaste Solar. It includes the problem statement of the company (David 2013). It mainly highlights the aims and approaches adopted for solving the issues in an effective way. Introduction includes brief description on the case study of Namaste Solar. Problem statement and plan analysis helps in describing the current situation in the most effective way. Analysis and findings help s in assessing the current position with explanation of related theories as well as models in an overall manner (Frynas and Mellahi 2011). Proposed solution to the problems requires integrated assessment for the general ideas as well as alternative solutions suiting the best for the organization. Pillars of Co-Ownership It is important to understand the fact that pillar represents principal as well as structural features in the business practices. It mainly creates ownership guide for endeavors and serving reminder for the fundamental framework in an overall manner (Garci a-Merino and Santos-A larez 2011). This particular business ensures stable as well as prevention of actual activities. It focuses on the external as well as internal loading system for the same. Figure 1: Pillars of Co-ownership (Source: Henry 2011) Cooperative Ownership mainly ensures equal voting rights for the individuals of Namaste Solar. Democratic Decision-making process ensures participating one-person on vote basis in the most appropriate way (Hill and Jones 2012). Extreme Transparency ensures practicing of open book management as well as holding essential team meetings in an overall manner. Cooperative Principles Namaste Solar should ensure engaging in voluntary as well as open membership. Co-operatives include voluntary organizations and opens for persons and usage of services. It ensures willingness as well as responsibilities for membership (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson 2013). It should include democratic member control for future business activities. Co-operative as well as democratic organization mainly controls members for active participation on policies as well as decision-making process. Primary co-operatives should ensure equal voting rights and organized in most democratic manner (Hunger and Wheelen 2011). Addition to that, Namaste Solar should encourage member economic participation for capital allocation in the most appropriate way. Setting up reserves and believing in autonomy independence in an overall manner. Case Brief: Description of the situation Namaste Solar was founded in the year 2008 in way of Green Revolution. It is a renewable energy company and has global recognition for the same (Kannan 2013). It had opportunity in RES in the year 2004. This case study shows purchase of almost 10% of electricity by the year 2015 in case of renewable energy in an overall manner. It involves: Figure2: Marketing Strategies of Namaste Solar (Source: Lasserre 2012) Building a Team This case study gives clear understanding on the decentralization process, risk as well as reward system. This strategy was incorporated in the year 2005. It is important to understand the fact that building team is great challenging and risky in an overall manner (Lynch 2012). It requires very less experienced people for work. It mainly requires cheaper ones as well as pirated from other related companies in an overall manner. Combination of skills as well as philosophy makes it good fit for the business organization. Long-term commitment is one of the important things requires consideration in the near future. It requires minimum of 5 years for sake of commitment for the job in an overall manner (Murphy and Murphy 2012). It requires large amazing group of people working for the business organization and possessing same organizational goals and objectives for the same. In the year 2008, Kennedy left the job and salary structure was changed from 2 tiers to 10 tier scale wages (Olivas -Lujan and Bondarouk 2013). Employee Ownership Namaste Solar believes in strategy in attracting as well as retaining the existing employees. It gives rise towards commitment with the employee ownership in an overall manner. It provides every employee having equal opportunities for purchase of shares in the near future (Raimbault and Barr 2012). The main goal of Namaste Solar is to pay back the departing stockholders on timely basis. By the end of 2008, around 37 employees joined the firm for better prospect in future. Organizational Mission Values and Culture Namaste Solar believes in providing equal rights to the stakeholders. This includes customers, investors, environment as well as communities in an overall manner (Rothaermel 2013). It mainly cares for earth customer as well as community as a whole. BPM Namaste Solar mainly conduct process called Big Picture Meetings. This process will discuss the issues regarding the company in an overall manner. It mainly expects encouragement and attention of the stakeholders as well as employees in the business organization in the most appropriate way (Schilling 2012). It ensures diverse perspective for indulge better chance for optimal solution for the same. It mainly requires bringing more people and judges their creativity in the most appropriate way. From Consensus to Delegation Namaste requires proper conduction of decision-making by Consensus. Consensus literally means consent of each and everybody in particular organization. Logo decisions without the help of BPM review in an overall manner (Shimizu 2012). It mainly continues for dealing BPM issues in a group. It is governed by 5 person including Board of Director. Investment Offers Namaste Solar is one of the largest solar electricity companies in Colorado by the year 2008. It enjoys customer referrals as well as repeated customers in business activities in an overall manner. It mainly targets and earns revenue of 14 US Dollars. This particular company is growing at breakneck pace for the same (Varbanova, 2012). It ranked fourth position in installed capacity in Colorado. It faces stiff competition from national as well as local firms in the most appropriate way. It requires venture capital investment as well as private equity firm for acquiring stakes from nearest competitors in an effective manner. Employees require many money as well as stress relief jobs for dealing life in better way (Amason 2011). Figure 3: Options for Namaste Solar Investment Process (Source: Andrews et al. 2012) Part A: Sell the Whole Kit and Coboodle Advantages Disadvantages It mainly includes fresh infusion of adequate capital It faces risk as well as high involvement culture It mainly enhances job satisfaction as well as motivation Loss of Control Growth in the sustainable future It mainly loses original mission for the main holistic wealth Employees of Namaste Solar enjoys high rate of return oninvestment It involves loss for 100 employee ownership Customer Expansion as well as geographic base Spreading gospel for solar power Loyal customers mostly change the providers Part B: Sale of the portion of particular company Advantages Disadvantages Upholding democratic culture Shared control over partners Great control Conflicting visions for the business enterprise Partner should provide complementary experience as well as fresh ideas Merger with shared reward Merger with the highest share risk Part C: 100 Percent Employee Ownership firm Advantages Disadvantages It will enhance employees for committing with 100% vision in employee ownership Lack of capital Reducing opportunity for growth Creation of unsustainable future Opportunity for redefining company in the long as well as short-term goals Competitor loss Investor backing Less market share Maintaining loyal customers Increased risk for investing in life savings of the business organization. Completing internal control in the near future Fears Stoppage of Granting Programs Reduced support from the Holistic Approach No Guarantee from Path B Path C is too Idealistic Loss of Proper Control Loss of actual family feeling Resistance to change Problem statement The aerial idea researcher has found from the topic is that to assess value chain strategy by identifying resources with the help of suitable techniques. This can be implemented by theories and models depicted by taking the example of this Namaste Solar case study. It would be easy to find data and variables to identify the main problem while conducting the research study. Now, talking about the case study in a brief, the researcher has discussed the renewable foundation of solar energy in Nepal (Michael Oluyemi 2012). The critical part intended by the researcher in this topic would be to assess employees to share equal opportunities on decision-making process. Initially, Namaste solar main motive in the industry began to discuss about the possibilities of transitioning the company through employee ownership to cooperative structure. However, the idea received a positive attention among the Namastes workers. Defining the case study, the problem was not huge was seen below the eyes. A ccording to the founder and Owner Blake Jones, many workers and the shareholders expressed uncertainty about the logistics of converting employees to a worker cooperative structure. Namastes membership requirements were set to evaluate a 12-month period for good prospect of workers and owners. They were also eligible if the common procedure was capable to share the common stock. Hence, the main problem associated with this study contemplates about the uncertainty of logical feasibility of conversion to worker cooperative. This should prevent the transition of business to workers cooperative structure (McShane, Olekalns and Travaglione 2013). In this study, the researcher has made a plan to analyze theories, models and frameworks to evaluate resources of Namaste Solar. Moreover, the researcher will also initialize the network distribution to amend the cooperative structure of Namaste Solar. It was intended through a door of democratic culture that transparency and cooperation build to start up the company with its initial contributors (Zhang 2012). Namastes identity was also under the emphasis of open communication through a democratic foundation of decision-making process. However, the resultant of this study initiated that Black Jones emphasized a project interview to learn lessons for benefit of the company. It was also recommended that starting a company was moderate but making business high would be initialized through a 5-year plan under cooperative working part. In other ways, the industry grew from 3-100 people and made a series of changes on internal decision-making process. It followed that decision process was availed from practices made from the external investors and directors. More or less, there may be some gaps and problems while conducting this study (Yksel 2012). Hence, applying relevant theories/models will help to make this topic ideal. Under the plan of analysis, the researcher will acknowledge the pathways by taking examples of strategic management, organizational behavior and HRM. The proposed plan of analysis will form a network of strategic management, which involves interpretation and formulation by taking goals and objectives of the topic. It will analyze the companys management by taking a consideration of internal and external environments of the organization (Wield 2013). Strategic management provides a core output by developing organizational policies and plans to incorporate decision-making process. It will also look forward on the academics of Namaste Solar to provide an execution policy on planning and distribution. The basis of this study will organize principles of Michael Porter by demonstrating concepts and ideas of Namaste Solar that are as follows: Valuable position of the market position Making trade offers in creation of the activities of the company System of finding and formulating long-term success The observation of corporate strategy will make a definite strategy. This says that business strategy should be involved under the management theory and practices (Wang 2012). However, the operational management is concerned primarily by improving costs and efficiency within the boundaries of organization strategy. To define this aspect clearly, the employees with coordinate worker attribute by emphasizing adoption of resources to set a direction, define the clarity of this research and to get response of the external environment. Since the formulation will assess a series of strategic decisions. Therefore, it would form a remote external environment including economic, social, political and environmental factors (Uysal 2012). It also regards an applicability of the competitor for new entry to Namaste Solar. Thus, they may have customers, suppliers and buyers to substitute products into the market industry. To proceed a little further, the researcher will now observe his idea on organizational behavior. It sets an interface between organization and human behavior (Shen and Jiang 2013). However, the main goal of organizational behavior will be to revitalize organizational theories and develop a better career on organizational life. Researchers viewpoint will be to grow adoption of resources through the doors of external environment. It also empowers the alliance of decision-making process to most inhibitors. It is seen that concepts of micro-organizational behavior refers to the individual and the dynamics of group setting whereas macro-organizational theory initiates strategies, structure and contingencies of the organization. Organizational behavior deals with culture heavily but there would be a multiple factor on the field analysis of interacting organizational population (Qin and Zhang 2012). Thus, Namaste Solar will rely on the behavioral implications of defining work culture. Thus , there will be concepts associated with team building, job satisfaction, motivation and leadership in building critical success of the management. The researcher will now observe on HRM and employee performance in the organization. It is concerned with the management and the people that undertake organizations benefit on recruitment, training, development, appraisal, performance and others (Peng 2013). It is seen in the startup companies that trained professionals may perform the HR duties. Moreover, in larger companies the entire functional group is dedicated to the HR staffs and making a strategic decision-making process in business. It is observed that academic and practitioners engage the HR field by coordinating with the global work environment. However, the HR departments are striving forward to offer benefits to most workers of the organization to reduce risk of losing corporate knowledge (Mullins and Dossor 2013). Thus, there are important areas that give rise to the application of human resource practice, these are: Process of managing people in an organization and structure them corporately. Personnel management drives the workforce of HRM on a resource-based outlook Reconciling the staffs for ensuring management objectives and forming employee expectations. Analysis and findings Namastes understanding about the management will describe the democratic culture about the company and form various challenges (Michael Oluyemi 2012). It is initiated from the above chapter that primary challenge of Namastes conversion was under the doubt of logical feasibility of converting employees to worker cooperative. Thus, to determine the current position of the company, the researcher has discussed increasing prices to gain financial economy of increasing stock prices. Namaste wanted its stock ownership for providing a generating income but there may be proportional benefits to value its prices. Therefore, the researcher has taken suitable theories/models to deduce a relation on the findings of this research (McShane, Olekalns and Travaglione 2013). Competition In this section, the researcher will value his strategy to assess competition among the rivals of the market. This will try to achieve goals by increasing profits, sales volume and market share. The elements may be determined by describing marketing mix factor that involves price, product, promotion and place (Distribution). It is described that market competition will observe lowering of prices and coordinating with individuals to gain interests. However, the current position of Namastes policy would be remarkable to continue success by allowing members to develop their territory (McLennan 2013). It also has emphasized a difference by making cooperative policies among the employees of the organization. Jones also added an attribute to prepare a plan on consolidation of business territories. It also adopted a policy by empowering people by allowing them to make certain guidelines of the budget plan of Namaste Solar. Competition also has a state that aligns an economy in promoting con sumer sovereignty. This can widespread the territory of market process. It is evident from the case study that buyers need a transition state to compete with the sellers of other market area (Lynch 2012). Moreover, in offering goods for exchange, buyers may have specific quantities to offer the sellers. Competitive process in the market economy will exert lot of pressure that would make business prolific. Efficiently, the experts have made the market profitable through direct competition or indirect competition. The current position of Namaste solar takes place in market where the suppliers and buyers obtain goods for their self-interest. Now, the researcher would have a tendency to observe competition through costs and efficiencies in the market (Lasserre 2012). Companies often compete with the financial market to generate cash required for investment. Thus, there may be opportunities needed to increase market competition to encourage competition broadly between the individuals. SWOT SWOT analysis is described as the planning method to evaluate strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. In this research, the researcher have evaluated the current position of Namaste Solar to determine the business venture for supporting workers. It is also evident from the study that a working committee is conducted in the form of interviews and group discussions in Namaste solar. Now, SWOT analysis would aim to identify the internal and external factors in achieving a particular objective (Khalife and Chalouhi 2013). It is initiated that internal factors include strengths and weaknesses internally in the organization whereas the external factors include opportunities and threats presented by the organization externally. Thus, the major areas that need to be revised on the current position of Namaste Solar would observe through: Strengths There may be end-user sales control and a direction to look forward (Kampanje 2014). The right products are formed with access to quality and reliability Better durability and product life There may be an ongoing product innovation Management is confident and committed Products require a scope from its accreditations. Weaknesses There is no direct marketing experience Management does not cover sufficient processes and systems (Hill and Jones 2012). There is a limited budget Training should be required for the delivery staffs and customer service There is no direct marketing experience gap A requirement needed to have more sales people Opportunities The local competitors may have poor products The profit margins would be good There should be a core aspect on business economy The end users will need a response to develop new ideas (Innes and Wiesner 2012). Applications would vary on new specialists and other competitors Threats The environmental effects will favor larger competitors There would be a possibility of negative publicity Retention policy will be a key aspect among the staffs Vulnerability would also be there for major competitors The existing core business would form a critical area in distribution Thus, the community organizations would make variability in this research by collecting information from various sources. It will also present information that would explore new solutions to determine goals and objectives (Gardet and Felix 2013). Moreover, Namaste Solar enhances a credibility of interpretation to support their key leaders. In case, SWOT analysis will also help to develop organization priorities like cultural diversity and gender. PESTEL analysis PESTEL analysis is a framework used by the marketers to analyze the macro-environmental factors that have an impact with the organization. It is observed that the framework will undergo a series of alterations under the demographics of reaching the market (Ehrnrooth and Bjrkman 2012). Considerably, to determine the current position of Namaste Solar, it is emphasized that there would be a picture to redeem the company to form a good culture. Moreover, to get an insight of this framework, the researcher has described various factors to deduce a relation between them. Political Political factors would determine the government policies that have an impact on the financial economy of the industry. It includes trade affairs, tax policies and fiscal policy. Economic It has the determinants that have an economic performance on long-term effects of the company. These factors include interest rates, inflation rates, economic growth pattern, foreign exchange rates and inflation rate (Dennen and Chauhan 2013). Social These factors would analyze the social environment through the gaps of cultural trends, population analytics, demographics, etc. Technological These factors would pertain to the innovations that have a technological impact in the market. This would initialize on research and development that form technological awareness in the market (Baer, Dirks and Nickerson 2012). Legal Here, the factors are persistent on internal and external sides. Here, the laws would favor a business environment under the strategies of legislation acts. Environmental In this category, the aspect of environmental change would be determined by factors that includes geographical location, climate, global changes, etc. Value Chain Now, the researcher would describe a value chain strategy that would analyze the activities of a firm in operating performance of products and services in the territory of market. The concept of this strategy was developed by Michael Porter to gain competitive advantage and market performance. The idea of value chain strategy made a transformation that has an acquisition on materials, equipment and other management policies. Moreover, the concept of value chain made a decision process on the inbound logistics of the company (Arvinen-Muondo and Perkins 2013). It is interpreted that an appropriate level of constructing a value chain would be sustained on the corporate lines of business. The products would also construct a value chain strategy that develops the corporate level consistently. Moreover, the chain of activities gives the product category a definite value in creation of products and services. It is also observed that a value chain must include the suppliers where a firm take s the advantage to perceive information about the product. There are areas where primary value chain activities are depicted through inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing sales and service (Baer, Dirks and Nickerson 2012). Porters five forces Porters five forces is a framework that would analyze the level of competition under the business environment. It would also draw an economic factor that would form good profitability in the market. Porter also described the micro-environmental factors that have a contrast to the macro environment. To evaluate the gaps of Namaste Solar more clearly, the researcher will develop a precision on the five forces. These are as follows: New entrants and its threats It includes government policies, brand equity, capital requirements, product differentiation, and customer loyalty to the established brand to develop the current position of Namaste Solar (Kampanje 2014). Threat related to substitution of product and service It develops the potential factors that have a variation on the perceived level of product differentiation, buyer propensity, switching costs and Quality depreciation (McLennan 2013). Bargaining power related to customers Here, the potential factors include buyer concentration, availability of buyers information, bargaining advantage and total amount for trading. Bargaining power related to suppliers This includes the presence of substitute inputs, distribution channels, employee solidarity, and supplier competition (Lasserre 2012). Intensity of competitive rivalry This includes sustainable advantage through innovation, degree of transformation and a competitive strategy. Proposed solution to problem From the above analysis on management theories, it is easy to predict the strategic attributes of Namaste Solar. It mainly includes ethics in the company culture as well as success for the same. Strategic Analysis Strategic Analysis includes capital planning for related sustainable growth in the near future. It enhances personal loans from banks as well as triple digit growth rate from Namaste Solar. It is required for viewing at the internal valuation of shares in comparison with external competitors of Namaste Solar (Barney and Hesterly 2012). It mainly ensures retention of company values as well as culture of Namaste Solar. Figure 4: Culture of Care of Namaste Solar (Source: Cattani 2011) It is important to consider maintaining comparative advantage in respect to competitors of Namaste Solar. This particular company is the largest solar company in the year 2008. It enjoys market shares of 20 to 25% mainly in the residential as well as small commercial areas in an overall manner (Colovic 2012). It includes 750 solar systems with 4000 KW capacity in the most appropriate form. Labor management should be taken into consideration while making strategic analysis of Namaste Solar. It mainly requires rapid growth as well as slow recruitment process in an overall manner. It enhances extensive hiring process suiting the culture in an overall manner. It should match recruits on new culture as well as vision for the same (Coulter 2013). It includes profit margins as well as related competitor methods in an effective way. Part A- Total Buyout Part B- Partial Investment Part C- No Investment SWOT analysis is explained above in the previous chapter on matters relating to Namaste Solar. This will help in understanding the corporate structure as well as culture of Namaste Solar. This particular company enjoys strong market positioning as well as global recognition for the same. It includes related sustainable as well as ethical growth in an overall manner (David 2013). At the same time, Namaste Solar faces actual threats from capital infused competitors especially from the new entrants. New innovative policies and strategies will help in reducing the threat as far as possible. They face scarcity of related photovoltaic capacity in an overall manner. Namaste Solar faces problems regarding culture as well as community programs. Addition to that, Namaste Solar have lack of adequate capital. It ensures high unit cost as well as diseconomy of scale in business activities (Frynas and Mellahi 2011). This particular company weakens in providing reliance with the governmental polici es in an adverse manner. Namaste Solar has possibility in getting triple digit economy in the near future. It will help the company in pursuing increased government subsidies in an overall manner. This particular company had opportunity for customer expansion as well as geographic base for the same. Namaste Solar faces various problems identified in the study. This particular company faces possible economic downturn as well as slow growth. It faces problem with increased suppliers in case of photovoltaic technology in the most appropriate way (Garci a-Merino and Santos-A larez 2011). It mainly ensures decreased government subsidies as well as incentives for the same. This particular company should check on the decreased market share as well as huge competitor power in an overall manner. Namaste Solar faces major problems in maintaining employee retention as well as restricts employee burnout in an overall manner. It mainly gains for assessment for capital acquisition on Namaste Solar (Ginter, Duncan and Swayne 2013). It includes keeps culture as well as maximization of potential incomes in the most appropriate way. PESTEL analysis will give clear understanding of the working environment of Namaste Solar. Political environment ensures Renewable Energy Standard owning private equities in Colorado. It sources 10% of renewable power in alternative energies by the year 2015 (Hill and Jones 2012). Companies should focus on incentives in subsidies for homeowners in installation of new machinery. Economic Environment ensures incoming recession as well as reduced budgets for costly installation of solar system. It mainly involves investing in cost saving technology in the near future. Most of the investors show interest in the alternative energies markets in the most appropriate way. Social environment helps in understanding the behavior of interested consumers especially in green technologies. This will help in increasing the level of sustainability for the same. Communities mostly appreciate with companies in practicing the Corporate Social Responsibility (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson 2013). It will en sure usage of word of mouth communication. Technological environment helps in advancement of solar technology for increasing efficiency in an overall manner. Internet is one of the tools for promotional and enables word of mouth communication with help of advertising as well as social networking sites. Environmental aspects help in climate change like weather, increased storms and related viability pattern of solar energy solutions in an overall manner (Hunger and Wheelen 2011). It includes fossil fuels and affecting the commodity markets and driving the high prices. It ensures increased demands for renewable energies for the same. Legal Environment ensures warranties like reimbursement of solar energy loss and fixed amount for the same. Consumer watchdog organization helps in monitoring for saving electricity as well as products. It mainly claims and faces the related potential lawsuits in the most appropriate way. Recommendations Namaste Solar should select Path B options with related adjustments for the same. It requires maximum percentage of shares on timely manner. It helps in maintaining core values with the acquisition of managerial positions for the same. It mainly equals investors as well as capital in an overall manner. Capital includes growth of company and more employees in strategic decision-making process. It requires silent partner and providing more incentives to the employees working under Namaste Solar. It should aware public on matters relating products as well as growth of the community. It is recommended that Namaste Solar should follow Path B in dealing with the business activities. This is because Path A includes loss of risk and complete control over culture of Namaste Solar. On the contrary, paths B do not raise any new capital in business activities. Path B is the best suitable options for Namaste Solar because it raises new capital in business activities. It helps in expansion and faces competition with strong as well as supported missions in an overall manner. Limitations of the study This particular research ensures secondary data collection from books, academic journals. Entire case study based upon the solar electrical company named Namaste Solar. Due to time constraint, research was limited to knowledge. Scope for further research This research ensures further inspection on the recommended solution of Namaste Solar. It has the ability to gather facts that are more relevant on the company with better solutions in the most appropriate way. Reference List Amason, A. (2011).Strategic management. New York: Routledge. Andrews, R., Boyne, D., Boyne, G., Law, J., Walker, P. and Walker, R. (2012).Strategic management and public service performance. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Barney, J. and Hesterly, W. (2012).Strategic management and competitive advantage. Boston: Pearson. Cattani, G. (2011).Project-based organizing and strategic management. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Colovic, G. (2012).Strategic management in garment industry. New Delhi: Woodhead Publishing. Coulter, M. (2013).Strategic management in action. Boston: Pearson. David, F. (2013).Strategic management concepts. Boston: Pearson. Frynas, J. and Mellahi, K. (2011).Global strategic management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Garci a-Merino, T. and Santos-A larez, V. (2011).Managerial cognition and strategic management. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Ginter, P., Duncan, W. and Swayne, L. (2013).Strategic management of health care organizations. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, Wiley. Henry, A. (2011).Understanding strategic management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hill, C. and Jones, G. (2012).Strategic management essentials. [Mason, Ohio]: South-Western. Hitt, M., Ireland, R. and Hoskisson, R. (2013).Strategic management. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Hunger, J. and Wheelen, T. (2011).Essentials of strategic management. Boston: Prentice Hall. Kannan, V. (2013).Strategic management in the 21st century. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger. Lasserre, P. (2012).Global strategic management. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Lynch, R. (2012).Strategic management. Harlow, England: Pearson. Murphy, P. and Murphy, A. (2012).Strategic management for tourism communities. Clevedon: Channel View Publications. Olivas-Lujan, M. and Bondarouk, T. (2013).Social media in strategic management. Bingley, UK: Emerald. Raimbault, C. and Barr, A. (2012).Emerging risks. Farnham, Surrey: Gower. Rothaermel, F. (2013).Strategic management. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Schilling, M. (2012).Strategic management of technological innovation. Shimizu, K. (2012).The cores of strategic management. New York: Routledge. Varbanova, L. (2012).Strategic management in the arts. Arvinen-Muondo, R. and Perkins, S. (2013). Organizational behaviour. London: Kogan Page. Baer, M., Dirks, K. and Nickerson, J. (2012). Microfoundations of strategic problem formulation. Strat. Mgmt. J., 34(2), pp.197-214. Dennen, V. and Chauhan, A. (2013). Shall We MOOC? A SWOT Analysis at the Program Level. MOOCs FORUM, 1(P), pp.17-21. Ehrnrooth, M. and Bjrkman, I. (2012). An Integrative HRM Process Theorization: Beyond Signalling Effects and Mutual Gains. Journal of Management Studies, 49(6), pp.1109-1135. Gardet, E. and Felix, P. (2013). Methods for distributing results in exploratory partnerships. Technology Analysis Strategic Management, 25(4), pp.445-458. Hill, C. and Jones, G. (2012). Strategic management essentials. [Mason, Ohio]: South-Western. Innes, P. and Wiesner, R. (2012). Beyond HRM intensity: Exploring intra-function HRM clusters in SMEs. Small Enterprise Research, 19(1), pp.32-51. Kampanje, B. (2014). PESTEL analysis of Malawi's non-life insurance industry. African J of Ec and Man Stud, 5(1). Khalife, D. and Chalouhi, A. (2013). Gender and business performance. International Strategic Management Review, 1(1-2), pp.1-10. Lasserre, P. (2012). Global strategic management. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Lynch, R. (2012). Strategic management. Harlow, England: Pearson. McLennan, R. (2013). Cases in organisational behaviour. Abingdon [England]: Routledge. McShane, S., Olekalns, M. and Travaglione, A. (2013). Organisational behaviour. North Ryde, N.S.W.: McGraw Hill Australia. Michael Oluyemi, B. (2012). The Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis of HIV Type-1. iosrphr, 2(4), pp.04-16. Mullins, L. and Dossor, P. (2013). Hospitality management and organisational behaviour. Harlow: Pearson. Peng, J. (2013). Research on Cold Chain Logistics of Subsidiary Agricultural Products in Chongqing Based on SWOT Analysis. AMR, 671-674, pp.3011-3015. Qin, Y. and Zhang, L. (2012). SWOT Analysis for PCDM Development in Building Energy Conservation in China. Energy Procedia, 16, pp.172-177. Shen, H. and Jiang, Z. (2013). SWOT Analysis for Serviced Apartment Based on Information Technology. AMM, 380-384, pp.2011-2015. Uysal, G. (2012). For the development of effective HRM systems: inter-relationships between HRM practices using correlation analysis. WREMSD, 8(1), p.1. Wang, G. (2012). Indigenous Chinese HRM research: phenomena, methods, and challenges. Journal of Chinese Human Resources Management, 3(2), pp.88-99. Wield, D. (2013). Bioeconomy and the global economy: industrial policies and bio-innovation. Technology Analysis Strategic Management, 25(10), pp.1209-1221. Yksel, I. (2012). Developing a Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model for PESTEL Analysis. IJBM, 7(24). Zhang, X. (2012). Research on the Development Strategies of Rural Tourism in Suzhou Based on SWOT Analysis. Energy Procedia, 16, pp.1295-1299.

Singha corporation free essay sample

Singha Corporation Co. , Ltd. is a subsidiary of ? Boon Rawd Brewery Co. , Ltd. , the first and ? largest Brewery of Thailand. The company was ? incorporated to oversee the beverage business ? of Boon Rawd Brewery Co. , Ltd. and is responsible? for the operation and marketing of beer, soda ? water, drinking water and various energy drinks ? and beverage producers. At present,? Boon Rawd Brewery is the owner of â€Å"Singha†,? â€Å"Leo †, â€Å"B-ing†,â€Å"Purra†,â€Å"Pun Dee†,and â€Å"Masita† ? trademarks. At present, Singha Corporation Co. , Ltd. operates 3 Breweries and 7 Soda Water and Drinking Water factories located in strategic Regions across Thailand. Moreover, the companys vast distribution network further enhances its ability to serve the customers throughout the kingdom as well as in nearly 50 countries worldwide under full compliance with FDA regulations and approval of each country, including European and North American Countries. Singha Corporation Co. , Ltd. conducts all its businesses under the principals of good corporate governance and in a social responsible manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Singha corporation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As an integral part of Thai Society, Singha Corporation Co. , Ltd. actively participate in local environmental support programs, educational scholarship programs, cultural events, traditional festivals, and sport sponsorship. History Phraya Bhirom Bhakdi was born Boonrawd Sreshthaputra on 13 October 1872 , son of Pra Bhirom Bhakdi (Chom Sresthaputra ). He was educated at home, teachered by his father until the age of 11 , when he was sent to a temple to be further educated by the monks, a custom at the time for Thai boys. He started work quite young, during his teens,as a teacher, and then moved on to become a clerk at A. J. Dickson, a British-owned logging company. He stayed in the logging business for a while, and acted as a car dealer for a bit before starting his own ferry business, ferrying the Bangkokians across the Chao Praya River, between Bangkok and Thonburi. The business was a success at first, until there came too many competitions, and finally the building of bridges across the river. He dabbled in the idea of brewing a Thai-made beer in 1929, and finally sent in a request to the government to build the first Thai brewery in 1930. Meanwhile,Boonrawd toured Germany and Denmark to study the art of making beer. His dream became a reality in 1933, when the first bottle of Thai beer, Singha Beer,rolled off the assembly line at Boonrawd Brewery. Phraya Bhirom Bhakdi helped with many charities in his lifetime. He also become an expert in the art of kite flying in Thailand, and published a book on kite competitions. He acted as fireman on numerous occasions,using his ferries to stop burning buildings with water from the Chao Praya River, and was finally made Luang Bhirom Bhakdi by His Majesty King Rama VI on 20 November B. E. 2454 (1911) , at the age of 39. He became Pra Bhirom Bhakdi on 20 December B. E. 2460 (1917), aged 44, and finally Phraya Bhirom Bhakdi on 1 January B. E. 2467(1924), at the age of 52. descendants to use the surname of Bhirom Bhakdi, instead of Sreshthaputra. A new dynasty was born. Phraya Bhirom Bhakdi was married to Khunying Lamai, and had 3 sons -Vidhya, Prachuab and Chamnong. He died in 1950, at the age of 78. Boon Rawd Brewery Company Development of a there managing orientation, difficult thought this can be in many organizations, is only one side of the coin in improving the marketing effectiveness of an organization. Marketing strategy specifies a target market and a related marketing mix, Marketing strategy requires a definition of the market domain in which the company will compete and statement of how utility and value will be created for customers through product and service offerings. Recognizing customer needs and filling them better than competitors is the core of successful marketing and management strategies. Product Line Strategy – External analysis A product line is a group of products that are closely related because they perform a similar function, are sold to the same customer groups, are marketed through the same channels, or fall within given price range. Product line managers need to know the sales and profits of each item in their line in order to determine which items to build, maintain, harvest, or divest. They also need to understand each product’s market profile. The company produced new beers to be in completed amounts for every segment for the purpose of: (1) Selling for competition, (2) Scrambling for market share and insertion into the marketing space, (3) The liquidity in laying of market policy and cooperation with alliance, (4) Having an increased amount of products to serve the demand for Singha Draft beer with a mild taste to attract customers who like the smooth taste. Product Development Strategy After successfully completing the business analysis stage, product planning moves to development and testing (Cravens 1994, p. 373). In 1998, the company received the certificate of universal standard quality or ISO 9002 from S. G. S. (Thailand). In December 1985, the company began to wade into the market by developing a new beer named â€Å"Singha Gold† which was a kind of beer that had low alcoholic content of 3. 5%, similar to a light beer. It was thus, a kind of beer though its taste was lighter than that of both Singha’s and Kloster’s. Singha Gold was positioned as a beer for the new generation. In addition to product development strategy, the packaging of Super Leo beer during April 2000 was modified due to the fact that sales volume did not meet with the target because of customers’ confusion related to â€Å"Leo. † A new label was put in place and the word â€Å"Super† was emphasized (with bigger letters) while the word â€Å"Leo† (with smaller letters) was used for advertising which included marketing activities of Super Leo being separated decisively from Leo. Brand strategy and re-positioning options Several strategies are available to Boon Rawd to differentiate its brands from those of competitors, and compete effectively. ? The options for Boon Rawd are to create a master-European-brewer brand themselves and compete in the market place, directly against the global brands and Kloster. Kloster had demonstrated that even though it is a local brand, it could create an image as an international brand. However, there are some hidden traps with this approach. Several focus group participants mentioned that they thought Kloster lost some credibility by being a local brand dressed up in international clothing (the issue of country of origin). Furthermore, this Master European Brewer image space, though obviously a valuable one (whether it will grow faster or slower in the immediate future is dependent on the rate of Thailands recovery), is already crowded. The options for Boon Rawd are to create a master-European-brewer brand themselves and compete in the market place, directly against the global brands and Kloster. Kloster had demonstrated that even though it is a local brand, it could create an image as an international brand. However, there are some hidden traps with this approach. Several focus group participants mentioned that they thought Kloster lost some credibility by being a local brand dressed up in international clothing (the issue of country of origin). Furthermore, this Master European Brewer image space, though obviously a valuable one (whether it will grow faster or slower in the immediate future is dependent on the rate of Thailands recovery), is already crowded. Another strategy to regain some of the market share that Singha had lost due to the entry of the global brands and low-end products, was to re-position the Singha product itself. It was sensed that Singha possessed a great deal of customer loyalty and one strategy would be to develop Singha to be even more Heart-based, and to move further into the international Thai space. This could be accomplished by an integrated marketing communications campaign. A further option would be to develop a Singha export brand and prove that Singha could be accepted worldwide. This would also instill pride in Thai consumers in that they were consuming a Thai product that was recognized internationally, targeting in a tangential but strategic way, the monopoly global brands have on internationalism. For reasons of confidentiality, further information is not available, but the study has been of immense use to strategic thinking. Singha Corporation strategy formulation Singha Corporation SWOT Strengths They are the first Thai beer Companies have a policy to expand market worldwide Companies can respond all the needs of all customers. Companies have many proucts that customers need. Company Has distribution channels in multiple way and nationwide. Weakness Competition within the organization. The large size of the organization, contributing to the management sometimes not possible. Companies need to keep up with demand and changing consumer. Is sometimes necessary to take the analysis to get to those needs. Opportunities Singha try to go global and make them to the top maket. Company is in need of the labor market. They want to work for them. Threats There are many competitors in beer market Singha can not change the price but others competitors can change to the lower prices. Have to import wheat(materials for produce beer) Singha Corporation PEST Political 1. Government comes to control the limit time of selling alcohol 2. For alcohol market, There are a consession 3. An Election in Thailand are under control Economics 1. The companies shutting down, causing more unemployment 2. Loans from financial institutions more difficult. 3. Employment levels and salaries greatly reduced because the growth rate of the economy is not good enough. 4. Currency Change Social 1. Campaign about not drinking alcohol becomes more important in Thai social. 2. Most of Thai people still respect to five commandments of Buddhists. Technology 1. Production process, taste, appearance is a factor in choosing to buy products. 2. Technological development in production in 3-5 years to adapt in a better way. 3. Products can advertise in social network instead TV commercial. ConClusion The company applies marketing strategy and The company’s marketing strategies consisted of product line strategy, product development strategy, block channel strategy, media strategy, trade strategy, and consumer incentive strategy. On the other hand, the company used marketing mix or the 4P’s strategy as follows: Product Strategy: (1) Every product segment was produced in response to customer demand in various levels of income, (2) With regards to product development strategy; the brewery was improved in 1998 to the point where a certificate of quality, ISO 9002, was obtained. In 1998, plans were underway to improve the quality of the company’s products in accordance with universal standards, including the ability to maintain the quality of the taste and the image of Singha beer by stressing the fact that it was a Thai beer that Thai people had preferred to drink for 67 years (in 2000) which gave Singha beer a high degree of brand loyalty, (3) Regarding the company’s packaging strategy, modern technology was introduced by the company to make â€Å"Stay on Tap† products on October 31, 1990. a move that took environmental conservation and social demands into due consideration. It was a marketing idea that took society into account in the sense that benefits would be provided by the firm and returned to the society. Environmental pollution was a matter of concern to the firm; it was necessary, therefore, that quilibrium is reached in the long term between a response to market demand and social welfare. The societal marketing concept would be concentrated on social conditions by upgrading the welfare of the people and improving the way of life in society by participating in the overall conservation of the environment as well. Price strategy: Many new producers entered the market, and many brands emerged, such as Heineken, Carlsberg and Chang beer. Because of the Thai economic crisis of 1997, consumers’ purchasing power decreased, which prompted them to turn to drinking less expensive beer, such as Chang. New beers were produced, such as Leo, Super Leo and Super Lion, which were cheap in order to respond to low-income consumers and to compete with Chang beer. Promotion strategy: Media strategy, trade strategy, and consumer incentive strategy were used in order to create products of good quality in response to the market. Place (of distribution) strategy: Since market share was achieved, with sales volume in the top rank of the market, block channel strategy was used and new agents were added when three breweries entered the already competitive market. Recommendation: 1) Set up or buy a company to grow wheat in the wheat-growing countries (eg: China) to ensure its supply of raw materials for beer production and raw materials price stability. Thailand was not a wheat-growing country, every beer company have to import wheat materials. In this way, As a result, the company is likely to be limited to international currency exchange rates change(baht devaluation), changes in international transport prices, raw material producing countries to reduce export. 2) Enter new market. Obtain expertise and apply new and best business practices across markets, whilst maintaining and recognising the cultural differences. By learning from best practice sharing ideas from different markets and business cultures, synergies will be brought to the Singha Group, which should benefit staff, customers and shareholders. The brand awareness will increase if it successful in new market. 3) Singha should continue corporate with the sports. Right now they are the sponsor for Chelsea and Manchester united football club, so they should continue sponsoring. In the future Volleyball will become Thai people favorite sport, They should consider to be their sponsor. Singha has come to the right way to promote their brands, They are sponsor for international concert and international football team. This actions will help them grow up Questions: What are the current issues/challenges facing companies? The issues that challenge to face with the company for now is the Law. Thailand law of alcohol company has become very strict. There are so many rules that the company must face with government. For this issues, company has to think about the strategy that make them still sell their beer without breaking any law. When Thailand law become strict, Its hard for Boonrawd Brewery to distribute their products. For example, They can only advertise their products along the magazine not allow to use them in Commercial on Televisions. If they want They must use the name of Boonrawd Brewery or Singha corporation not Singha Beer. So for Boon Rawd, They try to advertise their products by they corporate their brad with Chelsea Football Club and Manchester United instead. For this, its works very well. They can go global by sponsor the football team. What are the dangers/risks associated with this approach? The risk of doing this approach will be about the competitors that they already see what singha has done, and they want to do the same. They want to go global too, that’s the danger for Singha because if your competitors can do better than you, you must do something that better than them. You should think about the better plan or strategy to make your brand go further and still be number one in the beer market.

How to End a Conversation With Sayonara

How to End a Conversation With Sayonara Click here for the dialogue for Introducing People. 1. Short Questions When asking information about someones name or country etc., a shortened form of a question is often used. This leaves just the topic, which is said with rising intonation. O-namae  wa  (nan desu ka).        Ã‚  (What is) your name? 㠁Šå  Ã¥â€° Ã£  ¯Ã¤ ½â€¢Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š O-kuni  wa  (dochira  desu ka).     Ã‚  (Where is) your country? 㠁Šå› ½Ã£  ¯(㠁 ©Ã£  ¡Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹)。 Go-senmon  wa  (nan desu ka).     (What is) your field of study? 㠁”å °â€šÃ©â€"ۋ  ¯(ä ½â€¢Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹)。 2. How to End a Conversation Sayonara㠁•ã‚ˆã  ªÃ£â€šâ€°) is not normally used when leaving ones own home or places of temporary residence unless one is leaving for a very long time. If you know that you will see a person again soon, expressions like Ja mata 㠁˜ã‚Æ'㠁 ¾Ã£ Å¸) or Mata ashita (㠁 ¾Ã£ Å¸Ã¦ËœÅ½Ã¦â€" ¥) are used.Shitsurei shimasu  (Ã¥ ¤ ±Ã§ ¤ ¼Ã£ â€"㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢) is a formal expression used when announcing that you are leaving someones presence or when you are leaving before someone else (in this case, it is often said as Osakini shitsurei shimasu(㠁Šå…ˆã  «Ã¥ ¤ ±Ã§ ¤ ¼Ã£ â€"㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢).) It is also used when entering a house or room, passing in front of someone, or leaving in the middle of a gathering. Dewa  mata.                    See you later.   㠁 §Ã£  ¯Ã£  ¾Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ‚              Ã‚   Ja  mata.                             See you later. (less formal) 㠁˜ã‚Æ'㠁 ¾Ã£ Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€š Mata  ashita.                    See you tomorrow. 㠁 ¾Ã£ Å¸Ã¦ËœÅ½Ã¦â€" ¥Ã£â‚¬â€š Sayonara.                          Good-bye. 㠁•ã‚ˆã  ªÃ£â€šâ€°Ã£â‚¬â€š Shitsurei  shimasu.     I am going to leave.  (very formal)  Ã‚   Ã¥ ¤ ±Ã§ ¤ ¼Ã£ â€"㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š

DB 2,3,4 Your thoughts Al Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DB 2,3,4 Your thoughts Al - Assignment Example cticut, Hawaii, New Jersey and the District of Columbia are comparatively in a better position with a B+ grade, as they grant the facility of paid sick leaves, paid medical leaves for pregnancy and paid family leaves. According to Wilke (2014), although there are 181 countries providing maternity leaves and 81 nations providing paternity leaves, the US offers none of these leaves either to new mothers or new fathers. Additionally, none of the US national employment policies is identified to assure remunerated sick days, pregnancy accommodations and other supports to new parents. Nevertheless, the states are now taking steps to establish a parent-friendly workplace by implementing various laws, as per Wilke (2014). The various Acts, such as the â€Å"Family and Medical Insurance Leave (FAMILY) Act†, the â€Å"Healthy Families Act and the Pregnant Workers Fairness Act† are also on the lane to get implemented in the US (Wilke, 2014). Apparently, the inferences of the artic le reveal scenario major developmental need of parent-friendly workplace in the US, wherein, apart from the above-mentioned policies, authorities are suggested to bring more flexibility in organizational schedule and telecommunicating facilities. In this article Maurer (2014) intends to summarize the impacts of the new reporting system of Brazil, referred as eSocial. The new system takes account of centralizing and standardizing information on tax, social security, labor and company data into a distinct database and then supplying it to different governmental organizations. As per Maurer (2014), even though the date of implementation is yet not finalized, but it is sure to include all large and mid-income employees. Subsequently, reduction in insolvency, tax evasion and fraud along with development of the inspection of employment records are anticipated as the result of implementing the new reporting initiative. As per Maurer (2014), the process attached to the new system is simplified and can be

Talent Management In Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies Essay

Talent Management In Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies - Essay Example Clearly defining the extent of each employee’s role in various company activities is just one of the ways Talent Management helps to accomplish that objective. Surprisingly, organisations have only just begun to embrace models of Talent Management as a means to reaching goals and objectives. This proposal will explore the current model of Talent Management, exploring its advantages, processes, and objective. Since 1987, Gulf Aircraft Maintenance Company (GAMCO), renamed Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies (ADAT) in 2007, has through the investment of the Abu Dhabi government, become the largest provider of aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) in the Middle East. It serves not only the Gulf Region and other parts of Middle East but also attracts customers for Africa, North America and Asia. ADAT’s operation has garnered approval from many certificates on Authorities including local, European and American ones, provides the following services in-house and remotely on site: 1) Airframe Services; 2) Component Services; 3) Engine Services; 4) Technical Services; 5) Technical Training & 6) Material & Management Supply. In combination with major United Arab Emirates government defence contracts, its principle activities include the sale and support for missile defence, commercial jetliners, satellites, military aircraft, and human space flight to Etihad Airlines and various international carriers operating to and from more than 50 international airports worldwide. In this case study will analyse Talent Management in Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies (ADAT). 1.2 Problem Statement Due to the highly competitive nature of the aviation industry the need for Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies (ADAT) to employ a team that can expand its technical and management team is immense. The challenge; therefore, becomes can ADAT adopt effective strategies that will not only enable them to attract, but also maintain the right talent. As likely surmised, the right talen t is paramount to maintaining a competitive advantage in both new and existing markets. 1.3 Research Aim This study aims to  analyze the Talent Management process in Abu Dhabi Aircraft Technologies and to make recommendations for improvement. One of the largest--if not the largest--cost to a company generally involves compensation for its workforce. Proportionately, effective analysis of the process of recruiting and hiring employees will pay dividends in providing insight to areas of improvement. Studies have shown that a high standard of performance from employees positively correlates with a high performance from the company (Peter 2008). Unfortunately, only a handful of companies are able to achieve that goal (Peter 2008). Leading to the questions of how to handle that limited supply of talent, how to procure it, and how to maintain it. The company that figures this out first will ultimately become the leader in their respective field. Bent (2011) argues that available profess ionals within the aviation industry are declining substantially. This is due to procurement by other companies. From previous studies, a multitude of factors affect employee recruitment aside from financial compensation such as development and training, potential for advancement, work environment, relationship with co-workers and boss, recognition, and

Water Based Fire Protection System Essay Example for Free

Water Based Fire Protection System Essay Water based fire protection system is the system which is designed to control fire, protect life of people, to minimize damages of materials and infrastructure in more effective manner. A considerable improvement has been made in this system to increase the efficiency of the system and to provide increased fire protection benefit. Numbers of deficiencies are identified in this system in form of reliability, tank storage flow capacity and hydrant spacing. To develop fire protection system in effective manner engineer services are hired in form of consulting, research and development, education, manufacturing and enforcement of facilities management. These engineers basically conduct fire research to known the exact effect of the innovative product or initiative on the fire system. During their research emphasis is made on four areas such as to involve risk analysis in fire protection design to obtain desired result. To conduct research in those areas where the emission of heat is higher and to translate ideas into model to implement it to get the desired result. They also give more emphasis on the understanding of human behavior to predict better on reaction of people to fire cues, smokes and alarms and also on availability of data to obtain more accurate figure, more cost effective designs, increased reliability and a better understanding of financial losses and the cost of improvement in fire protection system. The above research helps the engineers to make evolutionary improvements and to create advance developments in the fire protection system as the situation required. Historical and Evolutionary Improvements in Water based Fire Protection Systems Fire protection system that is incomplete, inadequate or absent or full of deficiencies is not capable of to control fire in best manner. For e. g. sprinkler system installed improperly or lacked water, fire alarms and smoke detractor not in proper condition, improper fire doors etc. These above problems can be solved by installing sprinklers throughout the complex, by adopting fire safety emergency escape route. As a result of this safety of members, staffs, visitors, buildings and life can be possible. It is recommended that proper investigation of all the machinery and fire protection surveys reports to be made on regular interval to ascertain the deficiency involve in the Water based fire protection system and thereby to remove them. The National Fire Protection Association is the sole national organization which develops and lay down standards, measures and steps mandatory required for the fire protection system for the protection of individuals and property from the dangers of fire. This Association helps the fire protection system to remain update with current technology and aware those with the recent improvements required therein. It is made compulsory provision to incorporate audit committee in every fire protection system to check whether the requirements of fire codes and regulations have been properly complied to ensure safety. It is also recommended to hire the service of capita police under the fire protection system to easily control over fire at anywhere. Their 24 hours on site presence play an important role in to control fire of uncontrolled nature. In recent years the need to prevent loss of aircraft damaged by guns and missiles is that to develop fire extinguishing system in the aircraft. In ships, on the other hand to cope with accidental fires, it is necessary to develop more effective fire extinguishing systems. The sprinkler, which was introduced more than 100 years ago, has developed incrementally, and advancements have been made more evolutionary and revolutionary. But the recent sprinklers which have been developed are designed to effectively fight fires in specific fire hazards and to make more efficient use of water. New sprinklers have been developed in the last several years for storage fire risk. The other technology which is emerge in recent years is the introduction of mist technology which is intermingled with work conducted on water spraying systems and sprinkler system. This system was earlier involve in fire control but did not prove to be so much effective due to the variety of pressures, agents, atomization techniques and nozzle configuration. So for its proper implementation need is require to conduct full scale fire testing for each application for which water systems could be applied. The main problem lies with the installation of this system in control of fire is that it is very costly to design, develop, and evaluate. There are three main advantages of water mist system over conventional fire protection systems. The very first advantage is the ability of water mist systems to perform fire extinguishment, suppression or control with far less water than the traditional system. The other advantage is its ability ton effectively cool the protected space. It has been generally seen that during or after water discharge the temperature of the product as well as environment reduced significantly. The last but not the least advantage is its ability to provide smoke scrubbing system which helps to efficiently remove the smoke from the environment that will lead to more clear surrounding. According to USFA (United States Fire Administration) analysis, United states and Canada are most prone to fire death among all industrialized nations. Till date, the fire problem in America was as severe as it was 30 years ago (Principal Findings and Recommendations). However, as a result of recent improvements fires are down by 21 percent per capita, there is reduction in deaths and injuries by 27 percent, adjustment of dollar loss is 28 percent. In 1975, when USFA was established, the approximate fire death were 12000 and the objective was to reduce deaths by 50 percent within 25 years. The goal was achieved by increased use of smoke alarms; there is significant decrease in the number of fires and death cases over past two decades. The greater use of sprinkler system, better code enforcement of fire and smoke-resistant construction methods, and newer fire rated construction materials has led to noticeable control over the fire death rates. Instead of making so much progress in the past decade, the United States is still having one of the highest per-capita fire death rates in the world. Here, the question arises, whether changes in the new building codes will set the United States back by a decade? Will over reliance on sprinklers and elimination of fire rated construction eliminate many of the gains that have been achieved over the past 30 years? This has led to a strong controversy on the subject of balancing active (sprinklers) and passive (fire and smoke-resistant construction) elements in fire protection, building design, and construction interests over the past several years. As a result of required changes in construction, as defined in the new International Building Code (IBC) 2000 and the new National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 5000 building codes, this issue has came into existence. How Codes have Changed and have been Implemented given these Improvements Over the past 30 years, the three national model building codes are incorporated with the increased use of sprinklers while the requirements for fire-resistant components such as walls, floors beams, trusses, girders, dampers, doors, cables and columns, concrete, fireproofing, fire duct wrap, firestop systems, fire rated glazing, and fire rated wall and ceiling boards are reduced. These components and materials are very useful in controlling the spread of fire, limit the damage to a burning building and surrounding structures, and allow sufficient time for occupants to escape and firefighters to do their work before the structure collapses. The two types of building codes are †¢ IBC 2000 It consists of three regional codes- BOCAI (Building Officials and Code Administrators International), SBCCI (Southern Building Code Congress International) and ICBO (International Conference of Building Officials). These codes are merged to produce a new code which represents an overall reduction in standards levels and thus in life-safety effectiveness. Significant differences in the fire protection effectiveness among areas of United States have been recorded due to difference in building code requirements, demographics, and public awareness of fire and smoke hazards. For example, less restrictive areas such as South and North east suffered greater loss of life as compared to regions such as California, where higher standards have been in force. These code differences has led to estimation of allowable height and area tables for building spaces and required mix of active and fire-resistant construction. †¢ IBC/NFPA 5000 The introduction of this code not only comprises to less restrictive provisions but also relax certain requirements: Earlier, BOCA National Building Code allowed only certain buildings with sprinklers to be constructed with no area restrictions or â€Å"fire-ratings† till one storey height. However, under IBC and NFPA 5000, the buildings can be two storeys high and need not be fire rated. The SBCCI Standard Building Code proposed that firewalls should have four-hour fire-resistance rating. With the incorporation of new codes, the fire ratings have reduced to two or three hour as per building occupancy and use. The ICBO Uniform Building Code allowed buildings to have sprinklers either to increase the allowable height or allowable area of building, but not both simultaneously. However, IBC and NFPA 5000 allowed both without increase in fire-resistant construction. The revised code has reduced the cost of new commercial construction by 2 to 3 percent because of significant increase to height and area tables and reductions in fire-resistant construction requirements. Increased reliance on sprinkler system is responsible for less-restrictive construction regulations and fire-resistant construction requirements. Projections for Future Trends and Expectations: Number of projections and planning is made in the coming years to increase the efficiency of the system which most suitable to future situation. The mission of water based fire protection industry is to preserve and enhance the quality of life through professional, highly trained, well equipped organization which delivers quality life suppression, prevention, education, emergency medical service, explosive ordnance disposal, rescue and other services. A noticeable increase in fire stations and apparatus is made at those places were chances of fire is more. The numbers of trained staff have increase to provide quick customer service. Currently fire stations are staffed with three personnel; a captain, engineer and a fire fighter who provides immediate life support. Providing training to as many as people and to include it as a subject in the course study to create the interest. The fire station were remodeled which are three person engine company. The priorities of fire protection system is to quickly response at emergency times, to provide training to personnel, to prevent fire, public education and development of public relations, to prepare pre-incident planning and to provide all the needed facilities of apparatus and equipment maintenance. A new system to collect data related to fire incident is constituted called as National Fire operating System (NFRS). In recent years more emphasis is given on the development of fire fighting strategy tactics, on aggressive interior attack, emphasis on primary and secondary rescue operations to increase the efficiency of each individual. The new program is also set up to measure the level of fitness of employees and to ensure that employees can perform their duties in healthy and safe manner, and to reduce job related injures. A rescue list will be available to common people to utilize the service in case of need and to provide service beyond normal expectations. Numbers of safety surveys are conducted at business places, education centers, service organizations and other public places to minimize the risk of fire and in return to provide a safe place to live. References: Reffered to sites: 1. http://www. pbcsd. org/reports/reviews/WaterSytemReview102706. pdf/Memorandum. 2. http://www. sfpe. org/upload/sfpe_research_agenda.pdf/The society of fire protection engineers. 3. http://www. facilitiesnet. com/ms/article. asp? id=4270keywords=fire%20protection,%20fire%20inspections. Keeping Fire Protection Systems from Going Bad: Developing a Maintenance Program By Lynn Proctor windle 4. http://www. fireengineering. com/articles/article_display. html? id=196217 CLARIFYING THE ISSUE OF FIRE PROTECTION BALANCE Richard R. Licht BY RICHARD R. LICHT 5. http://www. tahoefire. com/StrategicPlan2004. pdf PLAN REVIEW PROCESS